基于群相位量子化处理的新型高分辨率相位差测量方法

在群周期相位比对和群相位量子化处理的基础上,提出了一种新型高分辨率相位差测量方法。利用频率信号间群相位重合点的分布规律,在群相位重合点处建立测量闸门,将相位差的测量转化为以群周期为基础的短时间间隔测量,大大提高了系统的测量分辨率。通过公共频率源信号的引入和群相位量子化处理技术,降低了实际计数闸门开启和关闭的随机性,消除了传统测量中±1个字的计数误差,提高了短时间间隔的测量分辨率,从而有效地提高了相位差的测量分辨率。实验结果表明该方法的科学性和先进性,鉴于短时间间隔的测量分辨率可达10 -13 /s量级,通过MCU控制时间--相位差的转换,实际相位差的测量分辨率可达0.0001度,明显优于传统的相位差测量方法,同时该方法电路简单,成本低廉,在卫星导航系统主、备份原子钟之间的无缝切换、1pps信号的相位异常检测及星地间高精度时间同步方面具有广泛的应用。     

捷联惯组空间五点减振的振动耦合分析

针对某型光纤(FOG)捷联惯组(SINS)的轻量化设计要求,采用了空间五点减振的布局方案。基于弹性中心理论计算了空间五点减振系统的弹性中心和偏心量,在捷联惯组存在质心偏移的情况下,增设第五点减振器可以将减振系统的弹性中心和捷联惯组惯性测量系统质心之间的偏心量减少到1.42mm。从刚体动力学出发对振动耦合的解耦条件进行了讨论,指出捷联惯组在惯性主轴偏移的情况下,空间五点减振系统无法实现角振动的解耦,但是通过调整IMU结构布局的质心,或通过调整减振器的刚度比,都可以实现线振动和角振动的解耦。用有限元方法对上述两种解耦方案下捷联惯组的冲击响应进行了计算,仿真结果表明,调节质心和调整减振器刚度两种方法对于降低IMU振动耦合的效果均较为理想,由线冲击引起的角振动降低了约29~100倍。     

轨道面旋转角对GEO卫星广播星历参数拟合的影响

广播星历参数拟合是建立卫星导航系统的一项关键技术,星历用户算法的简洁高效直接决定了用户导航定位的效率。在基于GEO、IGSO和MEO三类卫星的北斗二代导航定位系统中,GEO卫星的广播星历参数拟合是迫切需要解决的难点之一。基于广播星历参数的最小二乘解法,推导出了轨道面旋转角对广播星历参数的影响表达式,分析了轨道面旋转角的大小对广播星历参数拟合稳定性的影响。计算结果表明,通过增加轨道面旋转角不仅很好地解决了GEO卫星广播星历参数超限的问题,而且确保了广播星历参数拟合算法的精度和可靠性。     

GNSS双频导航信号用户完好性监测机制研究

用户完好性监测指标通常被用于衡量导航信息的可信度,针对单个卫星导航系统用户完好性监测指标过高、可用性较差的问题,提出一种全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)多系统双频信号联合完好性监测机制,该监测机制使用一定完好性风险分配值下的保护门限作为联合观测下的监测指标;另外,为了确保各种监测假设下的用户完好性,分别讨论了无故障及一颗卫星故障假设下的伪距观测误差获取、保护门限计算以及完好性风险指标分配等问题。仿真结果表明该用户监测机制可有效降低保护门限、提高可用性,在用于I类精密进近时全球大部分区域用户的可用性水平大于95%。     

景象匹配正确定位概率的实验研究

景象匹配的理论分析结果揭示了景象匹配正确定位概率与实时图的信噪比和独立像元数的关系。文中通过对真实影像数据的景象匹配的结果统计给出了正确定位概率与信噪比和独立像元数的关系,并将该结果与理论结果进行了比较,对其中差异进行了分析解释。文中的结论可以用于景象匹配系统性能的精确分析。     

一种单低轨星北斗备份与辅助方法及在轨验证

在低轨卫星上搭载导航载荷,为北斗系统提供有效的备份及辅助性能提升手段,是近年来卫星导航领域专家学者探讨的热点问题.针对全球卫星导航系统信号在恶劣电磁环境下的受扰问题,提出了一种利用单颗低轨卫星实现北斗备份和辅助的方法.北斗备份是指通过单颗低轨星独立为地面用户提供导航服务.北斗辅助是指利用单颗低轨星信号及信息,为地面用户...     

Optimal network topology of relative navigation and communication for navigation sharing in fractionated spacecraft cluster

Navigation sharing as a key technology provides orbit and attitude information broadcasting for the whole fractionated spacecraft cluster (FSC). The navigation sharing concept has already been proposed for some years. However, the problem of achieving the optimal navigation sharing by designing the proper network topology is still unsolved, especially in the case that some members of the cluster have absolute navigation devices, some just have relative navigation devices and some only have communication devices. In this paper, a comprehensive model of describing the navigation sharing problem in FSC is proposed. The model of network topology constructing by relative navigation links and communication links is established. By using the graph theory and genetic algorithm as the tool, the conditions for navigation sharing in FSC with different sharing degrees are obtained. Finally, some examples are presented to test the methods, and it has been found that, the absolute positions and attitudes of all the members can still be determined even some members in FSC have no absolute navigation devices.     

基于ANFIS的智能导航自适应滤波算法研究

智能导弹等智能化飞行器在快速跨域、高速机动飞行时,由于传感器切换、外形改变等因素,会对组合导航信息融合系统引入随机非Gauss噪声等影响,离线优化的参数往往不能满足滤波器精度的需求。自适应网络模糊推理系统ANFIS是一种将人工神经网络和模糊推理技术相结合而成,符合人类认知特点的决策方法,它可以对导航数据进行学习,实现智能决策、实时修改滤波器内部参数,对滤波器进行优化。仿真结果表明,基于ANFIS优化的智能导航自适应滤波算法可以有效减少噪声和干扰带来的影响,提高导航精度。     

陆基超远程无线电导航发展研究

定位导航和授时(PNT)系统是保障现代社会正常运转必不可少的基础设施,为了提供可靠的PNT信息服务,需要研发不依赖于卫星导航的PNT系统。介绍了国内外陆基超远程导航系统的发展情况,提出了发展基于甚低频无线电信号的陆基超远程无线电系统架构、关键技术及发展建议,陆基超远程导航系统可以在卫星导航不可用时提供备份,对于构建冗余可靠的国家PNT体系、保障PNT信息的安全及可靠性具有重要意义。     

Angles-only relative orbit determination in low earth orbit

The paper provides an overview of the angles-only relative orbit determination activities conducted to support the Autonomous Vision Approach Navigation and Target Identification (AVANTI) experiment. This in-orbit endeavor was carried out by the German Space Operations Center (DLR/GSOC) in autumn 2016 to demonstrate the capability to perform spaceborne autonomous close-proximity operations using solely line-of-sight measurements. The images collected onboard have been reprocessed by an independent on-ground facility for precise relative orbit determination, which served as ultimate instance to monitor the formation safety and to characterize the onboard navigation and control performances. During two months, several rendezvous have been executed, generating a valuable collection of images taken at distances ranging from 50?km to only 50?m. Despite challenging experimental conditions characterized by a poor visibility and strong orbit perturbations, angles-only relative positioning products could be continuously derived throughout the whole experiment timeline, promising accuracy at the meter level during the close approaches. The results presented in the paper are complemented with former angles-only experience gained with the PRISMA satellites to better highlight the specificities induced by different orbits and satellite designs.